1.) Cardinality Principle and Counting - 

value of the number. how many it represents?

2.) Comparison -  

comparing numbers involves knowing which are worth more or less than

3.) Composition - 

understanding that one number can be made up of two or more smaller numbers.

For example - 

5 can be made in different ways. 

3+2 = 5

or 

4+1= 5

or 

1+1+1+1+1 =5

or 

2+2+1=5

4.) Pattern-  

supporting children with looking for and finding patterns helps them to identify and understand relationships between numbers.  

5.) Space and Shape- 

exploring and understanding what happens when shapes are rotated or are combined to make other shapes, all help with developing mathematical thinking. 

6.) Measures-

helping children to compare length, weight and volume.